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1.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 43(4)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533956

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes con enfermedades críticas, que puede tener un impacto negativo en su pronóstico a corto y a largo plazo. Objetivos. Evaluar si la utilización de un protocolo multicomponente, que incluye movilidad activa temprana, manejo efectivo del dolor, reducción de la sedación, medidas no farmacológicas para prevenir el delirium, estimulación cognitiva y apoyo familiar, puede disminuir la incidencia de debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al momento del egreso del paciente. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un ensayo clínico, no aleatorizado, en dos unidades de cuidados intensivos mixtas de un hospital de tercer nivel. Los participantes fueron pacientes mayores de 14 años con ventilación mecánica invasiva por más de 48 horas. Se aplicó como intervención un protocolo multicomponente y como control se utilizó el cuidado usual o estándar. Resultados. Ingresaron 188 pacientes al estudio, 82 al grupo de intervención y 106 al grupo control. La tasa de debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al egreso de la unidad fue significativamente menor en el grupo de intervención (41,3 % versus 78,9 %, p<0,00001). La mediana del puntaje de movilidad al momento del alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue mayor en el grupo de intervención (3,5 versus 2, p<0,0138). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las medianas de días libres de respiración mecánica asistida, ni de unidad de cuidados intensivos al día 28, tampoco en la tasa de mortalidad general al egreso del hospital (18 versus 15 días, p<0,49; 18,2 % versus 27,3 %, p<0,167). Conclusiones. Un protocolo multicomponente que incluía movilidad activa temprana tuvo un impacto significativo en la reducción de la debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al egreso en comparación con el cuidado estándar.


Introduction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness is a frequent complication that affects the prognosis of critical illness during hospital stay and after hospital discharge. Objectives. To determine if a multicomponent protocol of early active mobility involving adequate pain control, non-sedation, non-pharmacologic delirium prevention, cognitive stimulation, and family support, reduces intensive care unit-acquired weakness at the moment of discharge. Materials and methods. We carried out a non-randomized clinical trial in two mixed intensive care units in a high-complexity hospital, including patients over 14 years old with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. We compared the intervention -the multicomponent protocol- during intensive care hospitalization versus the standard care. Results. We analyzed 82 patients in the intervention group and 106 in the control group. Muscle weakness acquired in the intensive care unit at the moment of discharge was less frequent in the intervention group (41.3% versus 78.9%, p<0.00001). The mobility score at intensive unit care discharge was better in the intervention group (median = 3.5 versus 2, p < 0.0138). There were no statistically significant differences in the invasive mechanical ventilation-free days at day 28 (18 versus 15 days, p<0.49), and neither in the mortality (18.2 versus 27.3%, p<0.167). Conclusion. A multi-component protocol of early active mobility significantly reduces intensive care unit-acquired muscle weakness at the moment of discharge.

2.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535403

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, the loss of inspiratory and peripheral muscle strength is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and failed weaning. Objective: To determine the relationship between handgrip strength and inspiratory muscle strength with the success of the Spontaneous Breathing Trial in adults with ventilatory support greater than 48 hours. Methodology: Prospective observational cross-sectional study performed at a tertiary hospital in Colombia. Handgrip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure were measured once a day before Spontaneous Breathing Trial testing. Pearson's test and Cohen's D test were used to analyze correlations. Results: A total of 51 patients were included, 57% male, with a mean age of 51.9±20 years. A positive correlation was identified between Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and grip strength; and a negative correlation between grip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure with the days of stay in the intensive care unit, (r -0.40; p<0.05) and (r -0.45; p<0.05). Conclusions: Handgrip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure were positively correlated with Spontaneous Breathing Trial success. The importance of these measures to guide ventilator disconnection processes is highlighted.


Introducción: En el paciente críticamente enfermo con ventilación mecánica, la pérdida de la fuerza de los músculos inspiratorios y periféricos se asocia con ventilación mecánica prolongada y destete fallido. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la fuerza de prensión manual y la fuerza de músculos inspiratorios con el éxito de la prueba de respiración espontánea en adultos con soporte ventilatorio mayor a 48 horas. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo observacional de corte transversal realizado en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia. La fuerza de prensión manual y la presión inspiratoria máxima se midieron una vez al día antes de la prueba de prueba de respiración espontánea. Se utilizaron la prueba de Pearson y la prueba D de Cohen para analizar las correlaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 pacientes, 57 % de sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 51,9 ± 20 años. Se identificó una correlación positiva entre Presión Inspiratoria Máxima y fuerza de la mano; y una correlación negativa entre la fuerza de la mano y la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima con los días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, (r -0,40; p < 0,05) y (r -0,45;p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La fuerza de prensión manual y la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima se correlacionaron positivamente con el éxito de la Prueba de Respiración Espontánea. Se destaca la importancia de estas mediciones para guiar procesos de desconexión del ventilador.

3.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(4): 345-354, Oct.-Dec. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528481

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The optimal target for blood glucose concentration in critically ill patients is unclear. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis with aggregated and individual patient data from randomized controlled trials, comparing intensive glucose control with liberal glucose control in critically ill adults. Data sources: MEDLINE®, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and clinical trials registries (World Health Organization, clinical trials.gov). The authors of eligible trials will be invited to provide individual patient data. Published trial-level data from eligible trials that are not at high risk of bias will be included in an aggregated data meta-analysis if individual patient data are not available. Methods: Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials that recruited adult patients, targeting a blood glucose of ≤ 120mg/dL (≤ 6.6mmol/L) compared to a higher blood glucose concentration target using intravenous insulin in both groups. Excluded studies: those with an upper limit blood glucose target in the intervention group of > 120mg/dL (> 6.6mmol/L), or where intensive glucose control was only performed in the intraoperative period, and those where loss to follow-up exceeded 10% by hospital discharge. Primary endpoint: In-hospital mortality during index hospital admission. Secondary endpoints: mortality and survival at other timepoints, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, and renal replacement therapy. A random effect Bayesian meta-analysis and hierarchical Bayesian models for individual patient data will be used. Discussion: This systematic review with aggregate and individual patient data will address the clinical question, 'what is the best blood glucose target for critically ill patients overall?' Protocol version 0.4 - 06/26/2023 PROSPERO registration: CRD42021278869


RESUMO Objetivo: Não está claro qual é a meta ideal de concentração de glicose no sangue em pacientes em estado grave. Realizaremos uma revisão sistemática e uma metanálise com dados agregados e de pacientes individuais de estudos controlados e randomizados, comparando o controle intensivo da glicose com o controle liberal da glicose em adultos em estado grave. Fontes de dados: MEDLINE®, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials e registros de ensaios clínicos (Organização Mundial da Saúde, clinical trials.gov). Os autores dos estudos qualificados serão convidados a fornecer dados individuais de pacientes. Os dados publicados em nível de ensaio qualificado que não apresentem alto risco de viés serão incluídos em uma metanálise de dados agregados se os dados individuais de pacientes não estiverem disponíveis. Métodos: Critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados que recrutaram pacientes adultos, com meta de glicemia ≤ 120mg/dL (≤ 6,6mmol/L) comparada a uma meta de concentração de glicemia mais alta com insulina intravenosa em ambos os grupos. Estudos excluídos: aqueles com meta de glicemia no limite superior no grupo de intervenção > 120mg/dL (> 6,6mmol/L), ou em que o controle intensivo de glicose foi realizado apenas no período intraoperatório, e aqueles em que a perda de seguimento excedeu 10% até a alta hospitalar. Desfecho primário: Mortalidade intra-hospitalar durante a admissão hospitalar. Desfechos secundários: Mortalidade e sobrevida em outros momentos, duração da ventilação mecânica invasiva, agentes vasoativos e terapia de substituição renal. Utilizaremos metanálise bayesiana de efeito randômico e modelos bayesianos hierárquicos para dados individuais de pacientes. Discussão: Essa revisão sistemática com dados agregados e de pacientes individuais abordará a questão clínica: Qual é a melhor meta de glicose no sangue de pacientes graves em geral? Protocolo versão 0.4 - 26/06/2023 Registro PROSPERO: CRD42021278869

4.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(4): 394-401, Oct.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528485

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the impact of delirium severity in critically ill COVID-19 patients and its association with outcomes. Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed in two tertiary intensive care units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. COVID-19 patients were evaluated daily during the first 7 days of intensive care unit stay using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and Confusion Method Assessment for Intensive Care Unit-7 (CAM-ICU-7). Delirium severity was correlated with outcomes and one-year mortality. Results: Among the 277 COVID-19 patients included, delirium occurred in 101 (36.5%) during the first 7 days of intensive care unit stay, and it was associated with a higher length of intensive care unit stay in days (IQR 13 [7 - 25] versus 6 [4 - 12]; p < 0.001), higher hospital mortality (25.74% versus 5.11%; p < 0.001) and additional higher one-year mortality (5.3% versus 0.6%, p < 0.001). Delirium was classified by CAM-ICU-7 in terms of severity, and higher scores were associated with higher in-hospital mortality (17.86% versus 34.38% versus 38.46%, 95%CI, p value < 0.001). Severe delirium was associated with a higher risk of progression to coma (OR 7.1; 95%CI 1.9 - 31.0; p = 0.005) and to mechanical ventilation (OR 11.09; 95%CI 2.8 - 58.5; p = 0.002) in the multivariate analysis, adjusted by severity and frailty. Conclusion: In patients admitted with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit, delirium was an independent risk factor for the worst prognosis, including mortality. The delirium severity assessed by the CAM-ICU-7 during the first week in the intensive care unit was associated with poor outcomes, including progression to coma and to mechanical ventilation.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar como a gravidade do delirium afeta pacientes graves com COVID-19 e sua associação com os desfechos. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em duas unidades de terapia intensiva terciárias no Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Os pacientes com COVID-19 foram avaliados diariamente durante os primeiros 7 dias de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva usando a escala de agitação e sedação de Richmond, a Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) e a Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit-7 (CAM-ICU-7). A gravidade do delirium foi correlacionada com os desfechos e a mortalidade em 1 ano. Resultados: Entre os 277 pacientes com COVID-19 incluídos, o delirium ocorreu em 101 (36,5%) durante os primeiros 7 dias de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva e foi associado a maior tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva em dias (IQ: 13 [7 - 25] versus 6 [4 - 12]; p < 0,001), maior mortalidade hospitalar (25,74% versus 5,11%; p < 0,001) e maior mortalidade em 1 ano (5,3% versus 0,6%, p < 0,001). O delirium foi classificado pela CAM-ICU-7 em termos de gravidade, e escores maiores foram associados à maior mortalidade hospitalar (17,86% versus 34,38% versus 38,46%, IC95%, valor de p < 0,001). O delirium grave foi associado a um risco maior de progressão ao coma (RC de 7,1; IC95% 1,9 - 31,0; p = 0,005) e à ventilação mecânica (RC de 11,09; IC95% 2,8 - 58,5; p = 0,002) na análise multivariada, ajustada por gravidade e fragilidade Conclusão: Em pacientes internados com COVID-19 na unidade de terapia intensiva, o delirium foi fator de risco independente para o pior prognóstico, incluindo mortalidade. A gravidade do delirium avaliada pela CAM-ICU-7 durante a primeira semana na unidade de terapia intensiva foi associada a desfechos desfavoráveis, incluindo a progressão ao coma e à ventilação mecânica.

5.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(3): 256-265, July-Sept. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528466

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Critical illness is a major ongoing health care burden worldwide and is associated with high mortality rates. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have consistently shown benefits in cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in acute illness have not been properly investigated. Methods: DEFENDER is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in 500 adult participants with acute organ dysfunction who are hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Eligible participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive dapagliflozin 10mg plus standard of care for up to 14 days or standard of care alone. The primary outcome is a hierarchical composite of hospital mortality, initiation of kidney replacement therapy, and intensive care unit length of stay, up to 28 days. Safety will be strictly monitored throughout the study. Conclusion: DEFENDER is the first study designed to investigate the use of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor in general intensive care unit patients with acute organ dysfunction. It will provide relevant information on the use of drugs of this promising class in critically ill patients. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT05558098


RESUMO Antecedentes: A doença crítica é um importante ônus permanente da assistência médica em todo o mundo e está associada a altas taxas de mortalidade. Os inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 têm demonstrado consistentemente benefícios nos desfechos cardiovasculares e renais. Os efeitos dos inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 em doenças agudas ainda não foram devidamente investigados. Métodos: O DEFENDER é um estudo de iniciativa do investigador, multicêntrico, randomizado, aberto, desenhado para avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da dapagliflozina em 500 participantes adultos com disfunção orgânica aguda hospitalizados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Os participantes aptos serão randomizados 1:1 para receber 10mg de dapagliflozina e o tratamento padrão por até 14 dias ou apenas o tratamento padrão. O desfecho primário é um composto hierárquico de mortalidade hospitalar, início de terapia renal substitutiva e tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva, até 28 dias. O monitoramento da segurança será rigoroso durante todo o estudo. Conclusão: O DEFENDER é o primeiro estudo desenvolvido para investigar o uso de um inibidor do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva geral com disfunção orgânica aguda. O estudo fornecerá informações relevantes sobre o uso de medicamentos dessa classe promissora em pacientes críticos. Registro ClincalTrials.gov: NCT05558098

6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(3): 420-427, ago. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506696

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción : La efectividad de las terapias de reha bilitación física sobre los pacientes que requirieron ven tilación mecánica prolongada y egresaron de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) con debilidad neuromuscular post COVID-19 se conoce principalmente en el perio do agudo. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la recuperación funcional en personas con debilidad neuromuscular post UCI por COVID-19 admitidas a rehabilitación. Métodos : Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 42 pa cientes con debilidad neuromuscular post COVID-19, de dos centros de rehabilitación de tercer nivel, desde abril de 2020 hasta abril de 2022. Resultados : Encontramos diferencias estadísticamen te significativas entre las valoraciones funcionales de ingreso y alta. La Medida de Independencia Funcional (FIM) mejoró de 49 [41-57] a 107 [94-119] (p < 0.001). La escala de Berg de 4 [1-6] a 47 [36-54] (p < 0.001), el test de 6 minutos de 0 [0-0] a 254 [167-400] (p < 0.001), y el test de 10 metros de 0 [0-0] a 0.83 [0.4-1.2] (p < 0.001). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la puntuación total al ingreso y al alta de las evaluaciones funcionales con la edad y la complejidad respiratoria. Discusión : El tratamiento para la recuperación fun cional en un centro de tercer nivel y larga duración, sería beneficioso para personas con grave debilidad neuromuscular post UCI a causa del COVID-19, a pesar que el 43% no alcanzó el nivel de movilidad previo. La edad y la complejidad respiratoria son variables que no impactaron en la recuperación final.


Abstract Introduction : The effectiveness of physical rehabi litation therapies on patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation and were discharged from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with post-COVID-19 neuro muscular weakness is known in the acute period. The objective of this study was to characterize the functional recovery in people hospitalized with post-ICU neuro muscular weakness due to COVID-19 admitted to rehab. Methods : Retrospective study which included 42 patients with post-COVID-19 neuromuscular weakness, who were admitted to two tertiary care rehabilitation centers, from April 2020 to April 2022. Results : We found statistically significant differen ces between the functional evaluations of admission and discharge. The Functional Independence Measure improved from 49 [41-57] a 107 [94-119] (p < 0.001). The Berg scale from 4 [1-6] a 47 [36-54] (p < 0.001), the 6-mi nute test from 0 [0-0] a 254 [167-400] (p < 0.001), and 421 the 10-meter test from 0 [0-0] a 0.83 [0.4-1.2] (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences bet ween the admission and discharge total score of the functional assessments with age and respiratory com plexity. Discussion : Treatment for functional recovery in a tertiary and long-term center is beneficial for people with severe post-ICU neuromuscular weakness due to COVID-19, even though 43% did not reach the previous level of mobility. Age and respiratory complexity are variables that did not impact the final recovery.

7.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(301): 9701-9711, jul.2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1451207

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Perceber quais as alterações que ocorreram na abordagem à pessoa em situação crítica no Serviço de Urgência e Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos após início da pandemia COVID-19. Método: A estratégia de pesquisa para a scopingreview foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline via PubMed, EBSCO Host, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, BVS e Scielo através da utilização de descritores MeSH e DeCS, artigos com fulltext gratuito, publicados em língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, com datas de publicação entre 2019 e 2021, implementados critérios de inclusão e exclusão.Resultados: Foram identificados 4 estudos elegíveis para análise, publicados em 2020, nenhum dos estudos em Português. Conclusão: As principais alterações estão relacionadas com a utilização de equipamento de proteção individual, colocando o enfoque na segurança dos profissionais de saúde.(AU)


Aim: To understand the changes that occurred in the approach to critically ill patients in the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The search strategy for the scoping review was conducted in Medline databases via PubMed, EBSCO Host, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, BVS and Scielo by using MeSH and DeCS descriptors, articles with free full text, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish language, with publication dates between 2019 and 2021, implemented inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Four eligible studies were identified for analysis, published in 2020, and none of the studies was in Portuguese. Conclusion: The main changes are related to the use of personal protective equipment, focusing on the safety of health professionals.(AU)


Objetivo: Conocer qué cambios se han producido en el abordaje a los pacientes críticos en el Servicio de Urgencia y enUnidades de Cuidados Intensivos tras el inicio de la pandemia COVID-19.Método: La estrategia de búsqueda para la revisión se realizó en las bases de datos Medline e PubMed, EBSCO Host, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, BVS y Scielo con el uso de descriptores MeSH y DeCS, artículos con libre acceso a texto completo, publicados en portugués, inglés y español, entre el 2019 y 2021, usando criterios de inclusión y exclusión.Resultados: Identificamos 4 estudios elegibles para el análisis, todos publicados en 2020, e ninguno en portugués.Conclusión: Los principales cambios están relacionados con el uso de equipamientos de protección personal, conel enfoque en la seguridad de los profesionales de salud.(AU)


Subject(s)
Ill-Housed Persons , Emergency Relief , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units , Persons
8.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(1): 84-96, Jan. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448071

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The number of patients with cancer requiring intensive care unit admission is increasing around the world. The improvement in the pathophysiological understanding of this group of patients, as well as the increasingly better and more targeted treatment options for their underlying disease, has led to a significant increase in their survival over the past three decades. Within the organizational concepts, it is necessary to know what adds value in the care of critical oncohematological patients. Practices in medicine that do not benefit patients and possibly cause harm are called low-value practices, while high-value practices are defined as high-quality care at relatively low cost. In this article, we discuss ten domains with high-value evidence in the care of cancer patients: (1) intensive care unit admission policies; (2) intensive care unit organization; (3) etiological investigation of hypoxemia; (4) management of acute respiratory failure; (5) management of febrile neutropenia; (6) urgent chemotherapy treatment in critically ill patients; (7) patient and family experience; (8) palliative care; (9) care of intensive care unit staff; and (10) long-term impact of critical disease on the cancer population. The disclosure of such policies is expected to have the potential to change health care standards. We understand that it is a lengthy process, and initiatives such as this paper are one of the first steps in raising awareness and beginning a discussion about high-value care in various health scenarios.


RESUMO O número de pacientes oncológicos com necessidade de internação em unidades de terapia intensiva está aumentando em todo o mundo. A maior compreensão fisiopatológica desse grupo de pacientes, bem como opções de tratamento cada vez melhores e mais direcionadas à doença subjacente, tem levado a um aumento significativo da sobrevida nas últimas três décadas. Dentro dos conceitos organizacionais é necessário saber o que agrega valor ao cuidado de pacientes onco-hematológicos graves. As práticas terapêuticas não benéficas aos pacientes e possivelmente causadoras de danos são chamadas práticas de baixo valor, enquanto as práticas de alto valor são definidas como cuidados de alta qualidade a um custo relativamente baixo. Neste artigo discutimos dez domínios com evidências de alto valor no cuidado de pacientes com câncer: (1) políticas de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva; (2) organização da unidade de terapia intensiva; (3) investigação etiológica da hipoxemia; (4) manejo da insuficiência respiratória aguda; (5) manejo da neutropenia febril; (6) tratamento quimioterápico de urgência em pacientes graves; (7) experiência do paciente e da família; (8) cuidados paliativos; (9) cuidados com a equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva; e (10) impacto a longo prazo da doença grave na população oncológica. Esperase que a divulgação dessas políticas traga mudanças aos padrões atuais do cuidado em saúde. Entendemos que é um processo longo, e iniciativas como o presente artigo são um dos primeiros passos para aumentar a conscientização e possibilitar discussão sobre cuidados de alto valor em vários cenários de saúde.

9.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(1): 73-83, Jan. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448074

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception of medical communication and needs of family members with loved ones in intensive care. Methods: The study was mainly qualitative and exploratory, with thematic analysis of comments made by 92 family members with loved ones in intensive care units when answering in-person interviews comprising the Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QoC) and open-ended questions about their need for additional help, the appropriateness of the place where they received information, and additional comments. Results: The participants' mean age was 46.8 years (SD = 11.8), and most of them were female, married and had incomplete or completed elementary education. The following themes were found: perception of characteristics of medical communication; feelings generated by communication; considerations about specific questions in the QoC; family members' needs; and strategies to overcome needs regarding communication. Characteristics that facilitated communication included attention and listening. Characteristics that made communication difficult included aspects of information sharing, such as inaccessible language; lack of clarity, objectivity, sincerity, and agreement among the team; limited time; and inadequate location. Feelings such as shame, helplessness, and sadness were cited when communication was inadequate. Family members' needs related to communication included more details about the loved one's diagnosis, prognosis, and health condition; participation in decisionmaking; and being asked about feelings, spirituality, dying and death. Others were related to longer visitation time, psychological support, social assistance, and better infrastructure. Conclusion: It is necessary to enhance medical communication and improve hospital infrastructure to improve the quality of care for family members.


RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a percepção da comunicação médica e das necessidades de familiares com entes queridos em terapia intensiva. Métodos: O estudo foi principalmente qualitativo e exploratório, com análise temática dos comentários feitos por 92 familiares com entes queridos em unidades de terapia intensiva ao responderem entrevistas presenciais, incluindo o Quality of Communication Questionnaire e perguntas abertas sobre sua necessidade de mais ajuda, a adequação do local onde recebiam informações e outros comentários. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi 46,8 anos (desviopadrão de 11,8), e a maioria deles era do sexo feminino, casada e tinha educação fundamental incompleta ou completa. Foram encontrados os seguintes temas: percepção das características da comunicação médica; sentimentos gerados pela comunicação; considerações sobre questões específicas do Quality of Communication Questionnaire; necessidades dos familiares; e estratégias para suprir as necessidades relativas à comunicação. As características que facilitaram a comunicação incluíram atenção e escuta. As características que dificultaram a comunicação incluíram aspectos de compartilhamento de informações, como linguagem inacessível; falta de clareza, objetividade, sinceridade e concordância entre a equipe; tempo limitado e localização inadequada. Sentimentos como vergonha, impotência e tristeza foram citados quando a comunicação era inadequada. As necessidades dos familiares relacionadas à comunicação incluíam mais detalhes do diagnóstico, do prognóstico e da condição de saúde do ente querido; participação na tomada de decisões e ser questionado sobre sentimentos, espiritualidade, morrer e morte. Outros estavam relacionados às visitas mais longas, ao apoio psicológico, à assistência social e à melhor infraestrutura. Conclusão: É necessário otimizar a comunicação médica e a infraestrutura hospitalar para melhorar a qualidade da assistência a familiares.

10.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(1): 44-56, Jan. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448080

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether protocol-directed weaning in neurocritical patients would reduce the rate of extubation failure (as a primary outcome) and the associated complications (as a secondary outcome) compared with conventional weaning. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in a medical-surgical intensive care unit from January 2016 to December 2018. Patients aged 18 years or older with an acute neurological disease who were on mechanical ventilation > 24 hours were included. All patients included in the study were ready to wean, with no or minimal sedation, Glasgow coma score ≥ 9, spontaneous ventilatory stimulus, noradrenaline ≤ 0.2μgr/kg/ minute, fraction of inspired oxygen ≤ 0.5, positive end-expiratory pressure ≤ 5cmH2O, maximal inspiratory pressure < -20cmH2O, and occlusion pressure < 6cmH2O. Results: Ninety-four of 314 patients admitted to the intensive care unit were included (50 in the Intervention Group and 44 in the Control Group). There was no significant difference in spontaneous breathing trial failure (18% in the Intervention Group versus 34% in the Control Group, p = 0.12). More patients in the Intervention Group were extubated than in the Control Group (100% versus 79%, p = 0.01). The rate of extubation failure was not signifiantly diffrent between the groups (18% in the Intervention Group versus 17% in the Control Group; relative risk 1.02; 95%CI 0.64 - 1.61; p = 1.00). The reintubation rate was lower in the Control Group (16% in the Intervention Group versus 11% in the Control Group; relative risk 1.15; 95%CI 0.74 - 1.82; p = 0.75). The need for tracheotomy was lower in the Intervention Group [4 (8%) versus 11 (25%) in the Control Group; relative risk 0.32; 95%CI 0.11 - 0.93; p = 0.04]. At Day 28, the patients in the Intervention Group had more ventilator-free days than those in the Control Group [28 (26 - 28) days versus 26 (19 - 28) days; p = 0.01]. The total duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the Intervention Group than in the Control Group [5 (2 - 13) days versus 9 (3 - 22) days; p = 0.01]. There were no diffrences in the length of intensive care unit stay, 28-day free from mechanical ventilation, hospital stay or 90-day mortality. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of our study, the application of a weaning protocol for neurocritical patients led to a high percentage of extubation, a reduced need for tracheotomy and a shortened duration of mechanical ventilation. However, there was no reduction in extubation failure or the 28-day free of from mechanical ventilation compared with the Control Group. ClinicalTrials.gov Registry:NCT03128086


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar se o desmame por protocolo em pacientes neurocríticos reduz a taxa de falha de extubação (desfecho primário) e as complicações associadas (desfecho secundário) em comparação com o desmame convencional. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo quase experimental em uma unidade de terapia intensiva médico-cirúrgica de janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018. Foram incluídos pacientes com 18 anos de idade ou mais, com doença neurológica aguda e em ventilação mecânica > 24 horas. Todos os pacientes incluídos no estudo estavam prontos para o desmame, com nenhuma ou mínima sedação, escala de coma de Glasgow ≥ 9, estímulo ventilatório espontâneo, noradrenalina ≤ 0,2μgr/kg/minuto, fração inspirada de oxigênio ≤ 0,5, pressão expiratória positiva final ≤ 5cmH2O, pressão inspiratória máxima < -20cmH2O e pressão de oclusão < 6cmH2O. Resultados: Foram incluídos 94 dos 314 pacientes admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva, sendo 50 no Grupo Intervenção e 44 no Grupo Controle. Não houve diferença significativa na falha do ensaio respiratório espontâneo (18% no Grupo Intervenção versus 34% no Grupo Controle, p = 0,12). Foram extubados mais pacientes no Grupo Intervenção do que no Controle (100% versus 79%; p = 0,01). A taxa de falha de extubação não foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos (18% no Grupo Intervenção versus 17% no Grupo Controle, risco relativo de 1,02; IC95% 0,64 - 1,61; p = 1,00). A taxa de reintubação foi menor no Grupo Controle (16% no Grupo Intervenção versus 11% no Grupo Controle; risco relativo de 1,15; IC95% 0,74 -1,82; p = 0,75). A necessidade de traqueotomia foi menor no Grupo Intervenção [4 (8%) versus 11 (25%) no Grupo Controle; risco relativo de 0,32; IC95% 0,11 - 0,93; p = 0,04]. Aos 28 dias, os pacientes do Grupo Intervenção tinham mais dias sem ventilador do que os do Grupo Controle [28 (26 - 28) dias versus 26 (19 - 28) dias; p = 0,01]. A duração total da ventilação mecânica foi menor no Grupo Intervenção do que no Controle [5 (2 - 13) dias versus 9 (3 - 22) dias; p = 0,01]. Não houve diferenças no tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva, 28 dias sem ventilação mecânica, internação hospitalar ou mortalidade em 90 dias. Conclusão: Considerando as limitações de nosso estudo, a aplicação de um protocolo de desmame em pacientes neurocríticos levou à maior proporção de extubação, à menor necessidade de traqueotomia e à menor duração da ventilação mecânica. Entretanto, não houve redução na falha de extubação ou 28 dias sem ventilação mecânica em comparação com o Grupo de Controle. Registro ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03128086

11.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 46(2)2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534490

ABSTRACT

La valoración geriátrica integral se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental para la atención de los adultos mayores institucionalizados puesto que ayuda a identificar factores de riesgo que influyen en la detección precoz del anciano crítico. Objetivo: es caracterizar la efectividad pronostica/diagnostica de una valoración geriátrica integral frente una valoración geriátrica habitual y su influencia en la morbimortalidad, en los adultos mayores institucionalizados del Centro Integral de Atención al Adulto Mayor de Caramarca, Sipe Sipe de la provincia de Quillacollo, entre las gestiones 2016 a la 2019. Material y métodos: es un estudio observacional de tipo analítico, subtipo cohorte histórico, longitudinal prospectivo. Los sujetos en estudio fueron los AM institucionalizados que ingresaron en la gestión 2016 o antes a la 2019, se dividió en dos subgrupos uno intervenido de 47 participantes y otro no intervenido de 17 participantes. Resultados: la esfera patológica (Escalas Tinetti, Lovett/Kendall) se redujo de 55 a 98 % identificando ancianos críticos, la esfera nutricional (Test MNA) redujo hasta un 68 % de malnutridos y desnutridos; la esfera funcional (Escala de Barthel, escala de Katz) identificaron de 85 a 96 % estados críticos de dependencia. El empleo del PCDF, redujo en un 66 % identificando ancianos con discapacidad motora grave. La esfera mental (Cuestionario de Pfeiffer y escala de Yesavage) identificaron de 75 a 84 % de deterioros cognitivos severos. Conclusiones: la valoración geriátrica integral, demostró que redujo la morbi mortalidad de los AM institucionalizados del Centro Integral de Atención al Adulto Mayor de Caramarca.


Comprehensive geriatric assessment has become a fundamental tool for the care of institutionalized older adults since it helps to identify risk factors that influence the early detection of the critically ill elderly. Objective: to characterize the prognostic/diagnostic effectiveness of a comprehensive geriatric assessment versus a regular geriatric assessment and its influence on morbimortality in institutionalized older adults at the Centro Integral de Atención al Adulto Mayor de Caramarca, Sipe Sipe in the province of Quillacollo, from 2016 to 2019. Material and methods: it is an observational study of analytical type, historical cohort subtype, prospective longitudinal. The subjects under study were institutionalized MAs who entered in 2016 or before 2019, divided into two subgroups, one intervened of 47 participants and the other non-intervened of 17 participants. Results: the pathological sphere (Tinetti, Lovett/Kendall scales) reduced from 55 to 98 % identifying critical elderly, the nutritional sphere (MNA test) reduced up to 68 % of malnourished and undernourished; the functional sphere (Barthel scale, Katz scale) identified from 85 to 96 % critical states of dependency. The use of the PCDF reduced by 66% the number of elderly with severe motor disabilities. The mental sphere (Pfeiffer Questionnaire and Yesavage scale) identified 75 to 84 % of severe cognitive impairment. Conclusions: the integral geriatric assessment, showed that it reduced the morbi-mortality of institutionalized MA of the Centro Integral de Atención al Adulto Mayor de Caramarca.

12.
Fisioter. Mov. (Online) ; 36: e36302, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514124

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Viral infections, such as infection by SARS-CoV-2, can affect gait biomechanics, but this effect can be overlapped by consequences of critical illness and time in intensive care unit. Objective To report biomechanical alterations during the clinical evolution of a post-COVID-19 patient who presented severe motor impairment after intensive care. Methods Data was collected from the patient's chart at José Silveira Foundation and previous medical reports from the hospitalization period. The patient was wheelchair bound, with physiotherapy twice a week, and by the end of 1-year follow-up was able to walk independently. Three-dimensional gait analysis with kinetics and electromyography were conducted at three time points. Results All spatiotemporal gait parameters, kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic data was importantly altered when compared to the normal range of values. With physiotherapy, gait quality indicators showed important improvements and all muscles presented a significant increase in the magnitude of the electromyographic signal (at least a two-fold increase). Trunk kinematic alterations decreased significantly during this period. Kinetic and kinematic changes perceived in the hips, knees and ankles showed approximation to the expected pattern, however still without normalizing, and patient's muscle coordination improved over time. Conclusion This report has great clinical importance, as it describes, using an instrumented gait laboratory, the evolution of a patient with severe motor impairment post intensive care due to COVID-19, a condition in lack of description in the literature, which will help health professionals in the planning of rehabilitation strategies.


Resumo Introdução Infecções virais, como a infecção por SARS-CoV-2, podem afetar a biomecânica da marcha, mas esse efeito pode ser sobreposto por consequências de doença crítica e tempo em unidade de terapia intensiva. Objetivo Relatar as alterações biomecânicas durante a evolução clínica de um paciente pós-COVID-19 que apresentou comprometimento motor severo após terapia intensiva. Métodos Os dados foram coletados a partir do prontuário do paciente na Fundação José Silveira e dos relatórios médicos anteriores referentes ao período de inter-nação. O paciente estava em cadeira de rodas, com fisioterapia duas vezes por semana, e ao final de 1 ano de acompanhamento era capaz de deambular de forma independente. A análise tridimensional da marcha com cinética e eletromiografia foi realizada em três momentos. Resultados Todos os parâmetros espaço-temporais da marcha, dados cinemáticos, cinéticos e eletromiográficos estavam significativamente alterados quando comparados com a faixa normal de valores. Com a fisioterapia, os indicadores de qualidade da marcha apresentaram melhorias importantes e todos os músculos apresentaram um aumento significativo na magnitude do sinal eletromiográfico (aumento de pelo menos duas vezes). As alterações cinemáticas do tronco diminuíram significativamente neste período. As alterações cinéticas e cinemáticas percebidas nos quadris, joelhos e tornozelos mostraram aproximação do padrão esperado, porém ainda sem normalização, e a coordenação muscular do paciente melhorou com o passar do tempo. Conclusão Este relato é de grande importância clínica, pois descreve, por meio de um laboratório de marcha instrumentado, a evolução de um paciente com comprometimento motor severo após terapia intensiva por COVID-19, quadro pouco descrito na literatura, o que ajudará profissionais de saúde no planejamento de estratégias de reabilitação.

13.
Investig. enferm ; 25: 1-11, 20230000. a.1Tab b: 1 ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1517448

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los cuidados al final de la vida en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) están orientados a ofrecer atención a la persona que está cerca del final su vida, su objetivo es aliviar el sufrimiento y atender sus necesidades mentales, emocionales y espirituales. Objetivo: identificar los cuidados al final de la vida del paciente adulto en las UCI. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de literatura tipo scoping review, siguiendo el PRISMA-ScR. Se hizo la búsqueda de artículos en español, inglés y portugués en 16 bases de datos durante el periodo 2001-2022. La extracción y selección de datos se realizó con la herramienta web Rayyan. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 35 artículos. Resultados: el idioma predominante de los artículos seleccionados fue inglés (82 %), y el país de mayor procedencia fue Estados Unidos (31 %). Los resultados se presentaron en tres temáticas: a) cuidados al paciente, b) cuidados a la familia, y c) percepciones del personal de salud. Conclusiones: se encontró que los cuidados al final de la vida que más se reportan son el uso de fármacos como morfina, midazolam y lorazepam, así como la comunicación temprana entre el personal de salud, el paciente y su familia. Dentro de los cuidados, enfermería tiene un rol muy importante, pues esta brinda la atención de manera holística, al ser orientadora y educadora y al dar acompañamiento integral a la familia durante y después del proceso del final de vida.


Introduction: End-of-life care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is aimed at offering care to the person who is near the end of their life, and its objective is to alleviate suffering and attend to mental, emotional and spiritual needs. Objective: Identify end-of-life care for adult patients in ICUs. Method: Scoping review of the literature was carried out following the PRISMA-ScR. A search was made for articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese in 16 databases during the period 2001-2022. The extraction and selection of data were carried out using the Rayyan web tool. Finally, 35 articles were selected. Results: The predominant language of the selected articles was English (82 %), and the country of origin was United States (31 %). The results were presented in three categories: a) patient care, b) family care, and c) perceptions of health personnel. Conclusions: The most reported end-of-life care is the use of drugs such as morphine, midazolam and lorazepam, as well as early communication between health personnel, patients and their families. Within care, nursing has a very important role, since it provides care in a holistic way, being a guide and educator, and providing comprehensive support to the family during and after the end-of-life process.


Introdução: os cuidados de fim de vida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) visam oferecer cuidados à pessoa que se aproxima do fim da vida, e cujo objetivo é aliviar o sofrimento e atender às suas necessidades mentais, emocionais e espirituais. Objetivo: identificar os cuidados de fim de vida para pacientes adultos em UTI. Método: foi realizada uma scoping review da literatura seguindo o PRISMA-ScR. Foi feita uma busca de artigos em espanhol, inglês e português em 16 bases de dados durante o período 2001-2022. A extração e seleção de dados foi realizada usando a ferramenta web Rayyan. Ao final, foram selecionados 35 artigos. Resultados: o idioma predominante dos artigos selecionados foi o inglês (82 %) e o país de maior procedência foram os Estados Unidos (31 %). Os resultados foram apresentados em três temas: a) assistência ao paciente, b) assistência à família ec) percepções do pessoal de saúde. Conclusões: constatou-se que os cuidados de fim de vida mais relatados são o uso de medicamentos como morfina, midazolam e lorazepam, bem como a comunicação precoce entre profissionais de saúde, pacientes e seus familiares. No cuidado, a enfermagem tem um papel muito importante, pois presta cuidados de forma holística, sendo orientadora e educadora, e dando suporte integral à família durante e após o processo de terminalidade da vida.


Subject(s)
Humans
14.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435802

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO:Conhecer as experiências de profissionais de enfermagem no cuidado às pessoas em final de vida pela COVID-19 hospitalizadas em unidade de terapia intensiva. METODOLOGÍA: Para isso, empreendeu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, que se aproxima do paradigma interpretativo. Entre maio e junho de 2022 foram entrevistados 12 profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital filantrópico do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram gerenciados no programa Atlas.ti e submetidos à análisetemática. RESULTADOS: Apresentados neste artigo dizem respeito à unidade temática O cuidado de enfermagem diante do final da vida por COVID-19 na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, que se constituiu pelas subunidades: A possibilidade da morte: "infelizmente não tinha muito o que fazer, com relação a doença, pra reverter aquela situação", "A gente ficava ciente de que o paciente ia morrer": a comunicação entre equipes assistenciais, "A gente fazia tudo para todos": cuidados com o corpo na fase final de vida pela COVID-19, "A gente não tinha muito contato com a família": o distanciamento da equipe de enfermagem e, por fim, "Era eles com eles mesmos": vivência dos pacientes em UTI sob a perspectiva dos profissionais. CONCLUSÕES: As experiências descritas reforçam a necessidade de educação das equipes de enfermagem, para os cuidados paliativos, especialmente em UTI. Embora eles não se restrinjam à fase final da vida, podem fazer a diferença entre um morrer com dignidade e um morrer com sofrimento e solidão, sobretudo em períodos de emergência sanitária marcados por grande mortalidade.


OBJECTIVE:To know the experiences of nursing professionals caring for people at the end of life due to COVID-19 hospitalized in an intensive care unit. METHODOLOGY: For this, we undertake a qualitative, descriptive research, which approaches the interpretative paradigm. Between May and June 2022, we interviewed 12 nursing professionals working in an intensive care unit of a philanthropic hospital in southern Brazil. The data were managed in the Atlas.ti program and submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS:Presented inthis article concern the thematic unit Nursing care at the end of life due to COVID-19 in Intensive Care Unit, constituted by the subunits: The possibility of death: "Unfortunately we didn't have much to do to reverse that situation"; "We were aware that the patient was going to die": communication between care teams; "We did everything for everyone"; "We did not have much contact with the family": the distancing of the nursing team and, finally, "It was them with themselves": experience of patients in ICUfrom the perspective of professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Experiences described reinforce the need for education to nursing teams, especially in ICU, for palliative care. Although they are not restricted to the final stage of life, they can make the difference between dying with dignity and dying with suffering and loneliness, especially in periods of health emergency marked by high mortality.


OBJETIVO: Conocer las experiencias de profesionales de enfermería en el cuidado a las personas en final de vida por COVID-19 hospitalizadas en Unidad de TerapiaIntensiva (UTI). METODOLOGÍA: Para ello, se emprendió una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, que se aproxima al paradigma interpretativo. Entre mayo y junio de 2022 fueron entrevistados 12 profesionales de enfermería, actuando en UTIde un hospital filantrópico del sur de Brasil. Los datos se gestionaron en el programa Atlas.ti y se sometieron al análisis temático. RESULTADOS: Presentados en este artículo se refieren a la unidad temática El cuidado de enfermería ante el final de la vida por COVID-19 en la UTI, que se constituyó por las subunidades: La posibilidad de la muerte: "desafortunadamente no había mucho que hacer para revertir esa situación", "Nos dimos cuenta de que el paciente iba a morir": la comunicación entre equipos asistenciales, "Hicimos todo por todos": el cuidado del cuerpo en la fase final de la vida por COVID-19, "No teníamos mucho contacto con la familia": el distanciamiento del equipo de enfermería y, por último, "Eran ellos mismos": vivencia de los pacientes en UTI desde la perspectiva de los profesionales. CONCLUSIONES: Las experiencias descritas refuerzan la necesidad de educación de los equipos de enfermería, especialmente en UCI, para los cuidados paliativos. Aunque no se limitan a la fase final de la vida, pueden hacer la diferencia entre un morir con dignidad y un morir con sufrimiento y soledad, sobre todo en períodos de emergencia sanitaria marcados por gran mortalidad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing , COVID-19/nursing , Nurses/psychology , Attitude to Death , Interviews as Topic , Terminally Ill , Qualitative Research , COVID-19/psychology , Hospitalization , Intensive Care Units , Nursing, Team
15.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 18: 77540, 2023. ^eilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532679

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever os resultados da influência de imunonutrientes na taxa de mortalidade, tempo de internação, tempo de permanência na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e incidência de infecções em pacientes críticos adultos e idosos. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Medline e Google Scholar, usando os descritores: ("immunomodulation" OR "immunonutrients") AND ("fattyAcids, Omega-3" OR "eicosapentaenoic Acid") AND ("glutamine") AND ("criticalillness" OR "criticalillnesses" OR "criticallyill"), sem restrição de idioma, com pesquisas realizadas no período de 2012 a 2022. Resultados: Nas buscas realizadas, foram encontradas 15 publicações, das quais 11 atenderam a todos os critérios estabelecidos ao início do estudo. Apesar de alguns estudos com indivíduos suplementados com fórmulas imunomoduladoras demonstrarem melhora no tempo de internação de UTI, redução de ocorrência de sepse e choque séptico, e redução de taxa de infecções, em sua maioria os estudos avaliados não mostraram diferença entre os grupos suplementados e os grupos controle, ou não apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos. Conclusão: O manejo do cuidado em pacientes críticos deve ser cuidadoso e individualizado, sendo imprescindível que a conduta clínica tenha como base evidências científicas. No presente estudo, a análise dos estudos clínicos que compuseram esta pesquisa verificou que os efeitos da imunomodulação na mortalidade, tempo de internação na UTI e hospitalização total e incidência de infecções, demonstrou ausência de resultados significativos para a prática de uso de imunonutrientes em pacientes críticos, sendo necessário realizar outros estudos para comprovar os reais benefícios da adoção dessa conduta.


Objective: To describe the outcomes regarding the impact of immunonutrients on mortality rates, length of hospitalization, duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stays, and the incidence of infections in adult and elderly critical patients. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Medline, and Google Scholar databases, using the descriptors: ("immunomodulation" OR "immunonutrients") AND ("fatty acids, Omega-3" OR "eicosapentaenoic Acid") AND ("glutamine") AND ("critical illness" OR "critical illnesses" OR "critically ill"), without language restrictions. The search encompassed studies that were published between 2012 and 2022. Results: Fifteen publications were identified in the conducted searches, of which eleven met all the established criteria at the outset of the study. Although some studies involving individuals supplemented with immunomodulatory formulas demonstrated improvements in ICU leng­th of stay, a reduced incidence of sepsis and septic shock, and a lower infection rate, most of the evaluated studies did not reveal significant differences between the supplemented groups and the control groups or did not yield statistically significant outcomes. Conclusion: The management of care for critical patients necessitates a cautious and individualized approach, underpinned by scientific evidence. The analysis of clinical studies forming part of this research revealed an absence of statistically significant  results pertaining to the practice of immunomodulation  utilization in critical patients with respect to effects on mortality, ICU length of stay, total hospitalization, and the incidence of infections. Further studies are required to validate the genuine benefits of adopting this approach.

16.
Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition ; (6): 18-25, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-991904

ABSTRACT

Objective:To analyze the worldwide development status and frontier hotspots in the field of critical care nutrition in recent 10 years, and to inform domestic future research direction.Methods:Publications on critical care nutrition researches between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2021 were retrieved from Web of Science core database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used for visual analysis.Results:After screening, a total of 2,467 articles were included, with an overall increasing trend in the number of publications. A total of 11,301 authors devoted to critical care nutrition researches, among whom Daren K. Heyland (81) published the most globally and Academician Jieshou Li (9) published the most in China. The United States (812), China (221) and Canada (206) were the top 3 countries concerning numbers of publications in this field. The main research institutions were Harvard University, Queen's University and University of Leuven while Nanjing University ranked the highest domestically. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Nutrition in Clinical Practice and Clinical Nutrition were the three most active journals in this field. Cluster analysis of keywords identified 11 representative cluster labels. Global focuses in critical care nutrition were influence of malnutrition, nutritional treatment pattern and energy and protein supplementation. Special interests were in the nutrition therapy in newborns, obese population and sepsis patients as well as intestinal microbial flora and coronavirus disease 2019.Conclusions:Critical care nutrition research is still under rapid development. Close collaboration between domestic core research circles and institutions should be emphasized while promoting international interactions. Researches on key issues such as energy and protein supplementation should be encouraged, so as to provide stronger evidence for better diagnosis and treatment standards in critical care nutrition.

17.
Chinese Journal of Postgraduates of Medicine ; (36): 673-678, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-991074

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the relationship between enteral nutrition-related diarrhea and intestinal flora in critically ill patients and the effect of microflora transplantation.Methods:A total of 60 critically ill patients with enteral nutrition-related diarrhea who were scheduled to undergo microflora transplantation in Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2020 to August 2021 were prospectively and continuously selected as the research group, and 60 critically ill patients without enteral nutrition-related diarrhea were selected as the control group. The bacterial count of 4 kinds of intestinal flora in the feces including bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, enterococcus, and escherichia coli were detected and compared between the two groups, and the value of the fecal colony numbers of 4 kinds of intestinal flora in diagnosing non-enteral nutrition-related diarrhea in critically ill patients was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. All patients in the research group received microflora transplantation, and the diarrhea score, hematochezia score, partial Mayo score and European five-dimension health scale (EQ-5D) were detected and compared before treatment, 1 week after treatment and 1 month after treatment to evaluate the treatment effect. The Pearson linear correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between the colony count of 4 kinds of intestinal flora colonies in the feces of the research group at baseline and the therapeutic indexes for 1 week and 1 month after treatment.Results:The number of fecal bifidobacterium and lactobacillus colonies in the study group were lower than those in the control group: (7.12 ± 0.58) × 10 7 cfu/L vs. (11.85 ± 1.25) × 10 7 cfu/L, (8.78 ± 1.05) × 10 7 cfu/L vs. (11.25 ± 1.57) ×10 7 cfu/L. The colony number of enterococcus and Escherichia coli were higher than those of control group: (8.58 ± 0.88) × 10 7 cfu/L vs. (3.84 ± 0.72) ×10 7 cfu/L, (8.25 ± 0.97) ×10 7 cfu/L vs. (3.66 ± 0.63) ×10 7 cfu/L. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of fecal bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, enterococcus and escherichia coli colonies in diagnosing patients with enteral nutrition-related diarrhea were all >0.7, which had certain diagnostic value. The diarrhea scores, stool blood scores and some Mayo scores of the study group at 1 week and 1 month after treatment were lower than those before treatment: (1.52 ± 0.36) and (1.13 ± 0.24) points vs. (2.45 ± 0.51) points, (0.95 ± 0.28) and (0.77 ± 0.21) points vs. (2.39 ± 0.54) points, (4.17 ± 1.24) and (3.26 ± 0.85) points vs. (7.86 ± 1.82) points, and the EQ-5D score of patients 1 week and 1 month after treatment was higher than that before treatment: (0.66 ± 0.11) and (0.79 ± 0.13) points vs. (0.58 ± 0.08) points, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The intestinal flora of critically ill patients is closely related to enteral nutrition-related diarrhea, and can affect the therapeutic effect of bacterial flora transplantation and the health status of patients.

18.
Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine ; (12): 457-460, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-990543

ABSTRACT

Neonatal critical illness score(NCIS) has been published for over 20 years in China and has played an active role in critical neonatal transport, illness severity assessment, and prognosis evaluation.However, there are still some limitations in the scoring system with the development of medical technology, such as failure to include crucial perinatal information, unable to quantify single indicators, difficulty in obtaining PaO 2 without oxygen inhalation, complex evaluation indicators, long evaluation time and data was difficult for scientific research, etc.Therefore, it is necessary to update and simplify it for the clinical treatment and scientific study of critically ill newborns.This review summarized NCIS application in China and compared it with foreign neonatal critical scores such as score for neonatal acute physiology, clinical risk index for babies, etc.Combined with the rising technology of artificial intelligence and deep learning in recent years, it was more straightforward and optimized to enhance its accuracy and applicability, which was aimed to play a more active role in the treatment of critical newborns and scientific research.

19.
Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine ; (12): 417-421, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-990536

ABSTRACT

Neuromuscular diseases are a group of disorders that affect the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle.A subset of children with neuromuscular disease have rapidly progressive conditions that threaten respiratory and medulla oblongata function.The main causes of neuromuscular disease in PICU include severe neurological impairment, infections, comorbidities, unexpected situations, and other conditions that can exacerbate the primary disease.In each case, timely identification and development of the specific therapies and supportive care measures could improve prognosis.

20.
Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine ; (12): 297-301, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-990518

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the scope, mode, anticoagulation mode and complications of blood purification in children with acute and critical illness.Methods:A total of 377 times of treatment of 102 children treated with blood purification in PICU at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 102 critically ill children treated with blood purification, acute and chronic renal failure ranked the first in terms of disease distribution, with 23 cases in total, followed by 16 cases of severe viral encephalitis (meningoencephalitis), 11 cases of septic shock, seven cases of acute poisoning, five cases of severe allergic purpura, five cases of necrotic encephalopathy.In terms of clinical prognosis, 51(50.0%) cases were cured, 29(28.4%) cases were improved, 10(9.8%) cases died, and 12 cases abandoned treatment.In 2019, the blood purification application frequency was the highest, with a total of 47 cases, which was higher than those in 2018 and 2020( P<0.05). Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration was used in the largest number of children, with a total of 56 cases.There was a statistically significant difference in the application ratio of this mode during 3 years ( P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the application ratio of other modes.In terms of the selection of anticoagulation methods, the proportions of systemic anticoagulation and extracorporeal anticoagulation had significantly difference among different years( P<0.05), and the application of extracorporeal anticoagulation had increased year by year.There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients without anticoagulants.The incidence of complications of blood purification was the highest in 2019, with catheter related thrombus in the majority (30 person-times), followed by hypothermia, catheter filter coagulation, hematoma formation, catheter related infection, hypotension, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, etc.There was statistically significant difference in the total complications among different years( P<0.05). Conclusion:Blood purification is widely used in children with acute and critical illness, with a variety of diseases.The most commonly used mode is continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and in vitro anticoagulation.Catheter-related thrombosis is the most common complication.

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